Battery vent plug



March 26, 1963 R. c. SLAUTTERBACK 3,083,254

BATTERY VENT PLUG 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed June 27, 1961 IHIHIHIIWIHIIIIIIII FIG. 3

FIG..1.

FIG. 4

FIG. 2

ROBERT C. SLAUTTERBACK mmvrm aygk' w f FIG. 5

ATTORNEYS March 26, 1963 R. c. SLAUTTERBACK 3,083,254

BATTERY VENT PLUG Original Filed June 27, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 7o 60 ill... 1:; Q, I v 68 nil FIG. 7 HM ROBERT c. SLAUTTERBACK mmvrox.

ATTORNEYS March 3 R. c. SLAUTTERBACK 3,

BATTERY VENT PLUG Original Filed June 27, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 l6 I6 I08 no I06 '04 L /|34 i :28- 3 I24 I 120 A I no I02 r FIG. 12 FIG. 15

ROBERT C. SLAUTTERBACK INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS United States Patent Ofiiice 3,083,254 Patented Mar. 26, 1963 Motor Company, Dear-born, Mich, a corporation of Delaware Original application June 27, 1961, Ser. No. 119,935. Divided and this application Jan. 2, 1962, Ser. No.

2 Claims. (31. 136-177) This invention relates to vent plugs for lead acid storage batteries and more particularly to vent plugs for storage batteries of the type used in automotive vehicles such as passenger automobiles and commercial vehicles.

This application is a division of application Serial Number 119,935, filed June 27, 1961.

It is well known to those experienced in the battery industry that a definite problem exists of satisfactorily. venting wet storage battery cells to allow escape of generated gases, which are developed within the cell during normal charging periods, without allowing escape of the electrolyte liquid. In the past, it has been determined that a certain amount of electrolyte liquid escapes from the cell in the form of a mist or vapor, which is developed during certain charging periods when the electrolyte tends to boil. This mist or vapor escapes through the vent plugs along with the escaping gases. A certain amount of electrolyte liquid also escapes through the vent plugs as a result of splashing when the vehicle in which the battery is installed is subject to considerably rough use. It has also been determined that a certain amount of electrolyte will spill through vent holes in the vent plugs as a result of present day methods of transporting or storing vehicles in an angular position. 1

It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide an improved lead acid storage battery vent plug of either the push-in type or the screw-in type which will have the necessary chacteristics to prevent the loss of electrolyte liquid either by means of escaping vapors, splashing due to action of the vehicle in which the battery is installed, or spilling due to angular positions of the vehicle. 3

Another object of this invention is to provide a vent plug of the type described which will reduce to a minimum the amount of loss of electrolyte liquid, and still be more simple and economical to manufacture.

Another object of the invention is to provide a ventplug of the type described which is constructed of two pieces of plastic material in such a way that heating or cementing operations are not necessary to produce a completely assembled vent plug.

till another object of the invention is to provide a pushin type battery vent plug constructed of two pieces of plastic material, one member being molded of a semirigid plastic and the other member being molded of a rigid plastic, so that, in the completed assembly, the rigid member tends to prevent deformation of the semi-rigid member when the vent plug is inserted in or removed from a battery cell opening.

Gther objects and attendant advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent as the specification is considered in connection with the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an assembled vent plug incorporating the features of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the same vent plug;

FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation taken on line 33 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a composite view showing a sectional elevation of the two parts of the vent plug;

FIG. 5 is a top view, partly in section, of the main body of the vent plug;

FIG. 6 is a sectional elevation of a modification of the main body of the vent plug;

FIG. 7 is a sectional elevation of still another modification of the main body;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken on line 88 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a sectional elevation of another modification;

FIG. 10 is a sectional elevation taken on line 10-10 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the modification shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a sectional elevation taken through another modification of an assembled vent plug;

FIG. 13 is a sectional elevation of the same body shown in FIG. 12 taken on a line transverse to the view shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a top plan view taken on line 14-14 of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a sectional elevation of still another modification; and

FIG. 16 is a top plan view taken on line 1616 of FIG. 15.

Referring to the drawings, particularly FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a two-piece molded plastic vent plug 10 is shown. The plug is a push-in type and comprises a main body portion or member 12 and a cap member 14. Both of the members are molded of suitable acid-resistant plastic materials which will provide sufiicient flexibility for the push-in portion of the vent plug and also provide a certain amount of rigidity to prevent deformation of the vent plug when inserted in or removed from a battery cell cover. It has been determined that a plastic material such as polypropylene or the like has the flexible characteristics desirable for the push-in or main body member 12, and that a more rigid material such as polystyrene be used for the cap member '14 to reinforce the body member 12 when the two members are assembled.

The main body 12 of the vent plug 10 is provided with a downwardly extending annular wall portion 16, the upper portion 18 of which has a conical configuration which terminates at its lower edge into a shorter inverted conical portion 20. The portion 20 of the annular wall 16 facilitates inserting the vent plug into a battery cell cover, and the entire annular wall, including the portions 18 and 20, will provide a liquid seal between the outer surface of the vent plug and the cell cover opening (not shown). In some applications of the vent plug it may be desirable to provide additional flexibility of the wall portion 16 to facilitate inserting the plug into various other types of cell covers. This can be accomplished by providing one or more vertical slots 22 in the lower edge of the wall '16 which will allow a slight collapse of the wall and reduce its outer circumference.

The conical portion 18 of the wall 16 terminates at its upper end into an annular horizontal flange portion 24. A lower surface 26 of the flange 24 provides an abutment which cooperates with a portion of a battery cell cover (not shown) to determine the fully inserted position of the vent plug. Integral with the flange portion 24 is another annular wall 30 which extends upwardly and is provided with a plurality of vertical grooves or indentations 3-2 around its outer, surface. The grooves or indentations 3-2 provide a finger-grip surface for easier manual installation or removal of the vent plug.

Around the inner surface of the wall 30, and near its upper edge, is a retaining groove 34, FIGS. 4 and 5. The groove 34- provides a means of retaining the cap member 14 in assembled position in the body member 12., which will be better understood hereinafter. A number of vertical slots 36 are provided in the upper edge of the wall 30 which provide a number of annular vent holes 3-8 around the upper portion of the vent plug when the cap member 14 is assembled in the body member '12.

cell.

is located midway between the top and bottom of the a body member 12, and is integral with the inner surface of the annular wall 16. The baffle 40' is provided with a central aperture 42, and an integral ring portion 44 exruration which tends to prevent accumulated electrolyte from forming a film trap across the aperture. It is well known that a film of liquid will develop easily in a circular opening, whereas an opening formed of straight sides and/ or distinct corners tends toprevent the formation of such films.

The ring 44 is provided to prevent electrolyte that accumulates on the bottom surface of the bathe 40, and due to dish-shaped configuration runs toward, the aperture 42, from collecting around the edges of the aperture. Instead, the accumulated electrolyte will form droplets around a lower edge 45 of the ring and, due to vibration and gravity, fall from the vent plug back into the battery cell. 7

The cap member 14 (FIG. 4) comprises a horizontal disk-shaped portion 50, and a plurality of integral baffle tubes 52 extending downwardly from the bottom surface of the disk portion 50. The peripheral edge of the diskshaped portion "50 is provided with a taper, as shown at '54, which cooperates with the groove 34 in the main body 12 to retain the cap member 14 in an assembled position in the main body member. The process of assembling the two members consists of merely snapping the cap member 14 into position in the groove 34 of the body member. This type of construction eliminates the need'for adhesives or heat-sealing operations commonly used in the past. When the cap member 14 is in position in the body 12 a relatively small area on the bottom surface of the disk-shaped portion 50 cooperates with a lower portion of the vertical slots 36 (FIG. 3) to form the annular vents 38.

The downwardly projecting battle tubes 52 on the cap member 14 are provided'for the purpose of causing a reversal or turbulence of escaping gases in a chamber 53 before they reach the vent holes 68. By providing a tortuous path within the vent plug chamber 53, the velocity of the gases will be reduced, allowing electrolyte vapors carried by the gases to gradually collect on the various inner surfaces of the vent plug rather than escapethrough the vents, resulting in a loss of electrolyte in the battery As the vapors collect on the surfaces of the battle portions 52 and the inner surface of the body member '12-, they will gradually form droplets on the various of the invention may be incorporated in various'other. forms of-vent plugs, as shown in FIGS. 6 through 16 inclusive. a

In FIG. 6 a body member .60 is shown having a dishshaped bafile 62, a cap-retaining groove 64, and a number of vertical slots 66 which will provide annular vent holes similar to the holes 38 in FIG. 3. The battle 62 is proaperture 42 in FIG. 5. The main difierences between the body members 12 -and.6 is that one is a screw-in type and that the battle 62 is located at thebottom of the" body member 60. V I i In FIG. 7, a similar body 'memberiiti is shown having a dishshaped baflie 72, a cap-retaining groove 74, and a number of vertical slots 76. The baffle 72 is also providcd with a cross-shaped aperture 78. In this form, the battle 72 is located midwaybetween the top and bottom of the body member 70. Both of the forms shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be provided with a cap member having the same configuration as'the cap member 14, described hereinabove, and the same snap-in assembling feature.

Another modification is shown in FIGS. 9, l0 and 11. In these drawings, a push-in type body 80 is shown having a dish-shaped bathe 82, a cap-retaining groove 84, and

a number of vertical slots 86. The only difference between this vent plug body and the one in FIG. 4 is the aperture in the baffle 82. The aperture is formed by providing a rectangular opening 88 in the center of the baffie 82 with an integral curved hood 90 directly over the opening 88. The hood 90 appears to be a displaced portion of the bathe 82 as a result of forming the opening 88, but it is actually molded in position as an integral part of the bafile 82. The hood 90 is formed so that two openings 92 and 94 are provided, one on either side of the hood, between the lower longitudinal edges of the hood and the longitudinal edges of the rectangular opening 88. When the gases escape from the battery cell (not shown) through the opening 88, the hood will act as a battle and cause the gases to change direction. The gases will then travel at a reduced velocity through the openings 92 and 94, as shown by the arrows in the drawings. The body 80 can also be provided with a cap member similar to the cap 14 in FIG. 4.

In FIGS, 12, 13 and 14 another modification is shown wherein a screw-in type body is provided with a conical baflle portion 102, and a similar cap-retaining groove 104. A cap member 106 is shown in the drawing which is provided with a downwardly-projecting baflle tube 168 and a vent opening 110. The cap member 106 is assembled in the body 100 in the same snap-in fashion as the cap 14 and retained in position without adhesives or a heating operation. The conical baffie 102 is an integral portion of the body member 100 and projects upwardly from the bottom edge of the body member 100. At the base of the conical battle 192 are two oppositelydisposed openings 110 and 112, which are formed in much the same way as the aperture 88 in FIG. 9, that is, the openings 110 and'112 are substantially rectangular and provided with hood bafile portions 114 and 116 respectively. The hood baflles 114 and 116, resembling bridges between the body member 100 and a cone portion 118 of the bathe 102, create side openings 120, 122, and 124, 126 respectively. As in FIG. 9, this arrangement causes escaping gases to change direction, thereby reducing the velocity of the gases before reaching an upper chamber 128 of the vent plug. Also, electrolyte film traps will not form in the vents due to the configurations of the various openings.

In the assembled plug, as shown in FIG. 12, the cone portion 118 projects a short distance into the lower end of the bafile tube 198 leaving an annular opening 130 between the lower edge of the tube and the annular surface of the cone portion 118. The annular opening 130 is locatedfrelatively low in the chamber 128, so that escaping gases will be required to change direction in the chamber 128, which again reduces the velocity of the gases before they reach the vent 110 in the cap 106. The torvided with a cross-shaped aperture 68 identical to the a tuous path of the gas how is shown by the arrows in the drawings.

Another modification, FIGS. 15 and 16, shows a vent plug body member 132 which is provided with a capretaining groove; 134, and a conical bafile portion 136 having an upwardly projecting cone portion 138. This modification is similar, to the one shown in FIG. 12, ex-

cept for the vent openings in the baffle "portion of the main body. In this modification it has been determined that the velocity of the escaping gases is reduced by providing a plurality of radially disposed arcuate openings 180 around the base of the cone 133. The gases can then be vented through a cap member similar to the cap member 186, or any modification thereof, which would be snapped into position in the groove 134.

It will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the exact construction shown and described and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A battery vent plug comprising an annular body member, a conical bafile supported by said annular body member, said conical bafile including an upwardly projecting cone having a base and a substantially horizontal floor positioned radially outwardly from the base of said upwardly projecting cone, said substantially horizontal floor connecting the base of said upwardly projecting cone with said annular body member, said substantially horizontal fioor having a plurality of spaced openings positioned therein adjacent the base of said upwardly projecting cone, said spaced openings each having a plurality of distinct corners to prevent formation of an electrolyte film, closure means covering the upper end of said annular body member, said closure means including a downwardly projecting tubular bafile, the diameter of said downwardly projecting tubular baifie being substantially smaller than the diameter of the base of said cone, said upwardly projecting cone projecting into said tubular bafile for a substantial distance to form an annular opening between said tubular bafile and the surface of said upwardly projecting cone, said closure means having a vent opening positioned therein and located within a surface inscribed on said closure means by said tubular bathe.

2. A two-piece molded plastic battery vent plug structure including a flexible main body member and a rigid cap member, the main body member having a downwardly projecting annular wall portion, an upwardly projecting annular wall portion, an intermediate horizontal flange portion integral with the upper and lower annular wall portions, an annular retaining groove in the inner surface and near the upper edge of the upper wall portion, a conical bafile portion integral with said main body member, said conical baflle portion including an upwardly projecting cone having a base, connecting means positioned radially outwardly from the base of said upwardly projectin cone joining said main body member with said upwardly projecting cone, said connecting means having a plurality of spaced apertures positioned therein, said spaced openings each having a plurality of distinct corners to prevent formation of an electrolyte film, said cap member having a disk-shaped portion, a tapered peripheral edge on said disk-shaped portion, a cylindrical baffle tube projecting downwardly from the disk-shaped portion and having a diameter substantially smaller than the diameter of the base of said upwardly projecting cone, said cone extending into said cylindrical baflle tube for a substantial distance to form an annular opening between the end of said cylindrical tube and the surface of said cone, said tapered peripheral edge of the cap member cooperating with the annular groove in the main body member to provide a snap-in assembly arrangement of the two members; said disk-shaped portion of said cap member having an aperture positioned therein in a posi tion to vent the bafile tube.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,459,121 Van De Wiel June 19, 1923 2,571,893 Kendall Oct. 16, 1951 2,631,182 Hall et al Mar. 10, 1953 

1. A BATTERY VENT PLUG COMPRISING AN ANNULAR BODY MEMBER, A CONICAL BAFFLE SUPPORTED BY SAID ANNULAR BODY MEMBER, SAID CONICAL BAFFLE INCLUDING AN UPWARDLY PROJECTING CONE HAVING A BASE AND A SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL FLOOR POSITIONED RADIALLY OUTWARDLY FROM THE BASE OF SAID UPWARDLY PROJECTING CONE, SAID SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL FLOOR CONNECTING THE BASE OF SAID UPWARDLY PROJECTING CONE WITH SAID ANNULAR BODY MEMBER, SAID SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL FLOOR HAVING A PLURALITY OF SPACED OPENINGS POSITIONED THEREIN ADJACENT THE BASE OF SAID UPWARDLY PROJECTING CONE, SAID SPACED OPENINGS EACH HAVING A PLURALITY OF DISTINCT CORNERS TO PREVENT FORMATION OF AN ELECTROLYTE FILM, CLOSURE MEANS COVERING THE UPPER END OF SAID ANNULAR BODY MEMBER, SAID CLOSURE MEANS INCLUDING A DOWNWARDLY PROJECTING TUBULAR BAFFLE, THE DIAMETER OF SAID DOWNWARDLY PROJECTING TUBULAR BAFFLE BEING SUBSTANTIALLY SMALLER THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE BASE OF SAID CONE, SAID UPWARDLY PROJECTING CONE PROJECTING INTO SAID TUBULAR BAFFLE FOR A SUBSTANTIAL DISTANCE TO FORM AN ANNULAR OPENING BETWEEN SAID TUBULAR BAFFLE AND THE SURFACE OF SAID UPWARDLY PROJECTING CONE, SAID CLOSURE MEANS HAVING A VENT OPENING POSITIONED THEREIN AND LOCATED WITHIN A SURFACE INSCRIBED ON SAID CLOSURE MEANS BY SAID TUBULAR BAFFLE. 